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The analysis of growing of legumes in selected farm and recommendations for it´s improvement
KASÍK, Jakub
The bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation of the main clover crops in the Czech Republic, which are alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.). In the first part of the thesis, the importance, characteristics, environmental requirements, agrotechnical measures and forage quality of these clovers are presented. The advantage of alfalfa is its hardiness and drought tolerance; it is still more damaged by waterlogging than by drought. In contrast, meadow clover has lower heat requirements and is better able to tolerate temporary waterlogging than a lack of moisture. Because of its slow initial growth, clover is often established in cover crops to compensate for forage yield in the year of establishment while suppressing weeds. The most suitable cover crop appears to be pea tendrils or a mixture with other crops, but in practice cereals are most commonly used. The second part focuses on the actual monitoring and evaluation of forage stands of meadow clover and alfalfa sown within the Zemědělské družstvo Čížová farming in the South Bohemian Region (potato-growing area). The method of establishment, number of plants per 1 m2 and yield of newly established stands of meadow clover were monitored in the operational plots. Meadow clover and alfalfa stands sown in the first crop year were also evaluated. Alfalfa had the highest dry matter yield (8.8 t ha-1), while clover had a slightly lower yield (8.2 t ha-1). The cover crop accounted for 60 % of the total dry matter yield of the established clover stands. It was found that at a stand density of 170 plants for alfalfa and 160 plants for clover, there should be no weeds in the stand.
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The influence of share of selected legumes and herbs on senzoric quality of conserved biomass
ŘÍHA, Patrik
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the quality of preserved biomass in dependence on the composition of samples by sensory evaluation of individual quality indicators of grass silage. The silage of selected types of clovers, herbs was evaluated and compared with a sample of silage from maize. The main indicators included color, fragrance, moldy and rotting, consistency and the last point was counted the amount of dry matter in silage. These indicators were monitored on 33 samples of silage coming from the Vysočina Region and the Třebíč District. After the end of the preservation the indicators were scored and the points were added up. After adding the points, the individual samples were evaluated as successful or unsuccessful. Furthermore, the work focuses on the distribution of fodder in terms of carbohydrates and nitrogen substances, factors affecting forage quality, preservation of forage by silage, its processing technology and last but not least, the use of preservatives and their importance. Botanical images of selected meadows were also taken and the coverage of the evaluated species of clover and herbs as well as agrobotanical groups was determined.
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The analysis of pastures in selected farm and recommendation of suitable grazing system and intensity
TICHÁ, Pavlína
This thesis at first discusses the importance of permanent grasslands, establishing and revival of pastures, further dividing agrobotanical groups, homogeneity of pastures and the treatment and fertilization of grasslands. The second part focuses on the breeding of cattle, commercial properties and targets in breeding herds. It deals with the Aberdeen angus beef, that is kept at monitored sites. In addition, the organization and the division of pastures. The third part contains observational monitoring of grassland. The effects of different grazing systems on pasture vegetation were observed at the selected pastures areas. Forage crop characteristics were measured and the suitable grazing system was designed and system of usage and treatment of pasture vegetation was designed. The observation was greatly complicated because of the excessive rainfall (floods) in the first third of the grazing season.
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Quality roughage feed in relation to the economy of milk production
NÁVARA, Drahoslav
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate in selected levels of nutrition and feeding of dairy cows in relation to the economy of milk production and suggest possible options for improving the profitability of milk production. They have been selected four firms, two keeping Holstein cattle and two with red coloured cattle. One company was with highest production and the second company was with average production. The aim was to assess the profitability of milk production at peak and average enterprises, especially given the quality of forage and the cost of ration. The selected companies we evaluated the composition of feed rations, especially forage quality indicators. For assessment of milk production of dairy cows were selected for the second group, or third lactation calved in the same period, and after ten pieces from each company. We also evaluated the cost of feeding dairy cows in milk and in particular the cost to produce one liter of milk a day and feed at the cost of production for the entire lactation. Selected breeds we all observed points compared with each other.
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The influence of way and intensity of grazing on sward composition, homogenity and productivity of permanent grassland
TICHÁ, Pavlína
Abstract: This thesis deals with the first part fytocenologickými and production characteristicsof grasslands. Importance and influence of different ways and intensities of grazingon the formation of stand composition and homogeneity of pasture vegetation. It alsodeals with the productivity of pastures and nedopasků in different ways and intensity of grazing. There are different compared to literature data. The second part deals with the materials and methodology of his own observation,when the farm was chosen areas of permanent grassland with different ecological conditions, with different management practices were evaluated and their vegetationcomposition, productivity, biodiversity and grazing value.
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Following the growth, development, and speeds the aging of selected forage grasses.
ROUBÍČKOVÁ, Markéta
The grasslands are in the Czech Republic a significant element of the landscape and also one of the essential components of diets of ruminants and horses. In connection with the production function of grasslands is an important forage quality, especially in dairy cows with high yielding. To create high quality roughage is essential for the optimal harvest of grass maturity date, which significantly affects the nutrient content, the energy and digestibility. Between 2009 and 2010 was monitored growth, development and the speed of aging in selected varieties of forage grasses. In the breeding station Větrov grasses were sampled, dried and then analyzed in a laboratory at the Department of Crop Production University of South Bohemia in the České Budějovice. Eighteen varieties of grasses collected in seven successive terms in the month of May and June were total analyzed. In all samples were laboratory way determined dry matter, ash, fiber and in selected varieties of grasses digestibility. Dry forage yields increased gradually. In the process of aging occurs between phenological for all the analyzed varieties of grasses, was increasing fiber content, which corresponded to the decreasing digestibility. The highest digestibility reached in the current term in the field of silage ryegrass Lonar and italian rye grass Prolog. The lowest digestibility was observed fescue Proba.
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